The flu virus mutates fairly frequently. Its adhesive proteins change such that we have different "strains" of influenza each year. When a particular flu virus mutates such that its adhesive proteins change, which function of antibodies is disrupted?

a. complement activation
b. neutralization
c. opsonization
d. agglutination


Ans: b. neutralization

Biology & Microbiology

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Class II MHC proteins have grooves with

A) closed ends. B) open ends. C) both open and closed ends. D) neither open nor closed ends.

Biology & Microbiology

The meninges are composed of:

a. bone and dura mater only. b. dura mater and arachnoid only. c. arachnoid and pia mater only. d. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid only. e. bone, dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid.

Biology & Microbiology

________ is an example of an element

A) Water B) Carbon C) Glucose D) Salt

Biology & Microbiology

Pyogenic streptococci usually produce ________-hemolysis when cultured on blood agar.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology