How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

A. Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.
B. Immune cells decrease in number after puberty and reduce bone repair.
C. Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.
D. Calcium ions released from the bones are necessary for gamete production.
E. Lack of sex hormone production reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.


Answer: C

Anatomy & Physiology

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