Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a group of viruses known as retroviruses. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
A) Injecting drug user
B) Female homosexual
C) Blood transfusion recipient in 1995
D) Health care provider
Ans: A
Feedback: Risk factors for HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) include being an injecting drug user, male homosexual, heterosexual with an infected partner, and recipient of blood products contaminated with HIV, especially prior to 1985.
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The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse include when teaching the patient about risk factors for exacerbation?
a. Exposure to sun b. Urinary tract infection c. Sedentary lifestyle d. Vegetarian diet
A patient who has a 40 pack-year history of smoking may have dysplasia of the epithelial cells in her bronchi. What would the nurse tell the patient about dysplastic cells in the bronchi?
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Shared governance has far-reaching implications for today's health care environment. Patients benefit due to (select all that apply):
a. quicker responses at the point of service. b. more committed health care professionals. c. a more stringent model of health care ser-vice. d. better decisions being made by upper management. e. nurses being more assured, confident pa-tient advocates.
The nurse is preparing to collect a urine culture specimen from a catheterized patient. What should the nurse do to safely obtain this specimen?
1. with a sterile syringe, aspirate several mL of urine from the sampling port using sterile technique 2. disconnect the catheter from the drainage tubing and allows 1–3 mL of urine to drain into a sterile specimen container 3. with a sterile syringe and needle, aspirate 50 mL of urine from the catheter above where it is connected to the drainage tubing 4. empty a small volume of urine from the urine collection bag into a sterile specimen cup