A class of pathogen recognition receptors that function exclusively as signaling receptors are known as the ________ receptors.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Toll-like
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In capillary exchange, osmosis takes place ____
a. at the arterial end b. along the entire length of the capillary c. at the venous end d. in the middle part of the capillary e. osmosis does not take place in capillary exchange
Through initial observation, research led by Naud and Hanlon showed that the main adaptation in behavior, that increases reproductive success of a male in the cuttlefish Sepia apama, is
A. None of the answer choices is correct. B. to change color and mimic another female, because the females are solitary and do not allow any males near them. C. an altruistic trade, in which females allow a large male to mate with them in exchange for protection from predators during the vulnerable gestation period. D. guarding the females from subsequent mating attempts by other males. E. the use of the male's arms to sort and mix the eggs and sperm, to ensure successful fertilization before he leaves the female.
How does a capsule help certain bacteria evade detection by the immune system?
A) Capsules allow the bacteria to stick together, creating a larger mass that is too big for immune cells to engulf. B) The capsule makes the bacterium too sticky to be phagocytosed by the immune cells. C) Capsules have the ability to destroy antibodies secreted by the immune system. D) The capsule is composed of polysaccharides that are similar to those found in the host; thus, the immune system does not recognize it as foreign.
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new compound that is well tolerated by the body and inhibits the sterolergosterol synthesis. Screening of this anti-infectious agent activity should be directed toward A. Chlamydia species
B. Viruses C. Fungi D. Rickettsia species E. Bacteria