Each of the following describes an "Atom 1" and an "Atom 2." In which case are the two atoms isotopes of each other?
A) Atom 1: nucleus with 6 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 6 electrons
Atom 2: nucleus with 7 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons
B) Atom 1: nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 8 electrons
Atom 2: nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons
C) Atom 1: nucleus with 92 protons and 143 neutrons, surrounded by 92 electrons
Atom 2: nucleus with 92 protons and 146 neutrons, surrounded by 92 electrons
D) Atom 1: nucleus with 1 proton and 0 neutrons, surrounded by 1 electron
Atom 2: nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons, surrounded by 2 electrons
E) Atom 1: nucleus with 4 protons and 5 neutrons, surrounded by 4 electrons
Atom 2: nucleus with 5 protons and 5 neutrons, surrounded by 4 electrons
C
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Photoelectric Effect: A photocathode having a work function of 2.8 eV is illuminated with monochromatic electromagnetic radiation whose photon energy is 4.0 eV. What is the threshold (cutoff) frequency for photoelectron production? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J, h = 6.626 × 10-34 J ? s)
A. 6.8 × 1014 Hz B. 2.9 × 1014 Hz C. 7.7 × 1014 Hz D. 8.6 × 1014 Hz E. 9.7 × 1014 Hz
The electron orbiting the proton in the hydrogen atom is at a distance 
m. What is the ratio of the electric force to the gravitation force between these particles? (The mass of the proton is 1.67
kg and the mass of the electron is 
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
Work: If the force on an object is in the negative direction, the work it does on the object must be
A. negative. B. positive. C. The work could be either positive or negative, depending on the direction the object moves.
Consider the situation shown below. Object A is a metal sphere with zero net charge, and objects B and C are particles with charges q and -q, respectively. Point P is at the sphere’s center. Answer each question below by choosing one of the arrows to the right of the picture or by choosing answer E. (If you are using the letters on the back cover to display your answer, you can indicate the double-letter choices by pointing to a letter with two fingers.) Which arrow best indicates the direction of the electric field at point P created by particle B?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. Zero
F. AA
G. BB
H. CC
I. DD