Explain the styles to change each of the following in HTML: kerning, tracking, leading, and indentation of the first line.

Question

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Answer 1

Kerning refers to the amount of space between characters, while tracking refers to the amount of space between words. The styles to control an element's kerning and tracking are letter-spacing: value; word-spacing: value; where value is the size of space between individual letters or words. You specify these sizes with the same units that you use for font sizing. The default value for both kerning and tracking is 0 pixels. A positive value increases the letter and word spacing, while a negative value reduces the space between letters and words. If you choose to make your pages scalable for a variety of devices and resolutions, you will want to express kerning and tracking values as percentages or in em units.

Another typographic feature that you can set is leading, which is the space between lines of text. The style to set the leading value is line-height: size; where size is a specific length or a percentage of the font size of the text on the affected lines. If no unit is specified, most browsers interpret the number to represent the ratio of the line height to the font size. The standard ratio is 1.2:1, which means that the line height is usually 1.2 times the font size. By contrast, the style rule p {line-height: 2em;}
makes all paragraphs double-spaced. A common technique for multi-line titles is to give title text more impact using large fonts and small line heights.

An additional way to control text spacing is to set the indentation for the first line of a block of text. The style is text-indent: size; where size is a length expressed in absolute or relative units, or as a percentage of the width of the text block. For example, an indentation value of 5% indents the first line by 5% of the width of the block. The indentation value also can be negative, extending the first line to the left of the text block to create a hanging indent.