Discuss the family unit in Berger and Luckmann’s terms. How does habitualization, institutionalization play into the family unit? Be sure to include all terms you feel play a relevant role in your family experience.
What will be an ideal response?
The three moments of externalization, objectivation, and internalization are not to be understood “as occurring in a temporal sequence,” but rather as a simultaneous, dialectical process. Nevertheless, it is in intergenerational transmission that the process of internalization is complete. As Berger and Luckmann (1966:61) maintain: only with the transmission of the social world to a new generation (that is, internalization as effectuated in socialization) does the fundamental social dialectic appear in its totality. To repeat, only with the appearance of a new generation can one properly speak of a social world. In other words, every individual is born into an environment within which she encounters the significant others who are in charge of her socialization. One does not choose one’s own significant others; rather, they are imposed on her. In the process of socialization, the stocks of knowledge that the individual experiences as a preexisting objective reality are imposed on her. The individual is thereby “born into not only an objective social structure but also an objective social world” (1966:131). Berger and Luckmann differentiate two types of socialization based on the extent to which individuals are active and conscious of the process of internalization. Primary socialization refers to “the first socialization an individual undergoes in childhood, through which he becomes a member of society” (1966:130–1). On the other hand, secondary socialization refers to subsequent processes of socialization that induct “an already socialized individual into new sectors of the objective world of his society” (ibid.). Whereas primary socialization is predefined and taken for granted, secondary socialization is acquired in a more conscious way (e.g., training for a new job). It is for this reason that primary socialization has so much more of an impact on the individual than secondary socialization. Primary socialization is distinguished by the fact that it cannot take place without an emotionally shared identification of the child with his significant others: you have to love your mother, but not your teacher (1966:141).
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The __________ involves immediately reducing our industrial output and our standard of living to reduce our dependence on depleting fossil fuels
Fill in the blanks with correct word
In his study of obedience to authority, Stanley Milgram concluded that:
a. a large proportion of people are willing to obey any orders they are given b. men are more willing to inflict pain on others than are women c. most people enjoy inflicting pain on others d. the key factor in whether or not people are willing to inflict pain on others is the race of the "victim"
The author points out that the seemingly endless parade of cheating scandals in the big-time NCAA sport programs and other sport governing bodies is four factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
A. Sport leaders are so diverse that they cannot agree on social control strategies. B. A lack of transparency and accountability in sport organizations. C. Sport governing bodies are unprepared to investigate themselves. D. Self-policing strategies create inherent conflicts of interest in sports.
Which of the following accurately describes culture and organizations?
A. Organizations have unique cultures that influence how their members operate. B. Organizations always rely on cues from pop culture in creating an environment. C. Organizational culture really only shows itself at social events like company picnics. D. Culture exists only outside of an organization, not within it.