How does celiac disease damage the small intestine?
What will be an ideal response?
• The autoimmune reaction that occurs when gluten is eaten damages intestinal villi.
• Damaged villi do not effectively absorb nutrients.
• Without functioning villi, they will flatten and malnutrition will occur.
• The anatomy of a normal small intestine is composed of villi or finger-like projections throughout the lumen.
• Exposure to gliadin—a component of gluten—results in an inflammatory process that damages the small intestine, resulting in decreasing villus height.
• A flat mucosa with villus atrophy indicates the absorptive surface of the small intestine is nonexistent.
• Between each pair of adjacent villi is the area called the crypt, which is a small glandular tube at the base of the villus.
• Absorptive cells or enterocytes enter the villus from the crypt.
• Reduced absorptive surface area and loss of digestive enzymes follows damage to the enterocytes.
• Adequate villus height and normal proliferation of enterocytes are significantly affected by nutritional status.
• If a patient is malnourished or adequate fuel is not available to the small intestine, the villi shorten and the replication of enterocytes is decreased.
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