Allelic exclusion occurs for all of the following except
a. T-cell receptor ? genes
b. T-cell receptor ? genes
c. B-cell receptor heavy-chain genes
d. B-cell receptor ?-chain genes
e. B-cell receptor ?-chain genes.
A
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The antacid Tums, which uses calcium to neutralize stomach acid, has advertised that it has a secondary effect of calcium supplementation for women to prevent ________
Fill in the blank with the right word.
Parents who were distantly related to each other brought their 11-week-old infant Kristen to the emergency room after she had a seizure accompanied by a persistently high fever and running nose. Her liver and spleen were palpable (hepatosplenomegaly)
Laboratory tests revealed abnormally high levels of lymphocytes, and of the cytokines IFN?, TNF-?, and IL-6. Conversely, levels of hemoglobin and platelets were abnormally low. Bone marrow aspiration showed the presence of macrophages containing phagocytosed red blood cells and numerous large granular lymphocytes. Molecular analysis was carried out to confirm the physician's suspicion of a congenital immunodeficiency. A frameshift mutation in the perforin gene PRF1 was found on both chromosomes. Kristen was diagnosed with the rare, potentially life-threatening disease known as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). Cytotoxic and aggressive immunosuppressive chemotherapy was administered followed by a matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Two years later Kristen is a healthy toddler. Which of the following would not be consistent with the etiology of FHL? a. impaired cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells b. inhibition of transcriptional activators required for IL-2 synthesis c. inability to kill virus-infected cells d. persistent activation of CD8 T cells causing secretion of large amounts of IFN-? e. IFN-? activation of macrophages which in turn drives the production of IL-6, TNF-?, and other pro-inflammatory molecules.
Write the correct meaning for HDL:
What will be an ideal response?
With ice treatments, the patient usually reports complete numbness, followed by an aching sensation, then burning, and finally an uncomfortable sensation of cold.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)