It has been predicted that genes may be involved in smoking initiation and/or current smoking behavior
Previously, large twin and family studies have provided evidence of this and an estimate of heritability (genetic contribution) of 37-55% for initiation and 46-59% for current smoking, depending on gender. A large group of researchers from several institutions composed a pathway- or-systems-based series of studies including SNP analysis, cellular location and protein interaction, replication with other samples, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. What is a likely result? A) The study is unlikely to produce meaningful results because it is too diffuse in its methods.
B) The samples used also correlate with behaviors like depression, often associated with smoking, and they may be finding depression-associated genes.
C) Two specific genes, one for a transporter protein and one for an opioid receptor, are clearly shown to be causative in all members of each sample.
D) A group of genes that tend to code for proteins with similar biological function have been identified to contribute significantly.
E) Genome-wide association studies are of no practical use in studying human behaviors.
D
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Each amino acid is encoded by only one mRNA codon
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What relationship between prairie dogs and mesquite is suggested by this experiment?
a. Prairie dogs and mesquite appear to be unable to co-exist. b. Mesquite seems to preclude establishment of prairie dog communities. c. Prairie dog communities seem to preclude the establishment of mesquite. d. All of the above.
Which of the following statements about El Niño are true?
A. Occurrence of El Niño is irregular and unpredictable. B. El Niño events in the Pacific can influence weather as far away as Africa. C. The immediate effect of El Niño is a weakening in the east-to-west trade winds D. Weakening in the trade winds results in more upwelling along the Peru-Ecuador coast. E. El Niño results in the movement of weather systems from the western Pacific eastward.
Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented a sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type of medium would be referred to as a(n)
A) selective medium. B) differential medium. C) enrichment culture. D) selective and differential medium. E) differential and enrichment culture.