A neighbor is complaining to a friend (who happens to be a nurse) about several changes in their body. Which of the following complaints raises a "red flag" because it could be a sign of epithelial cell bladder cancer?

A) "Seems like I'm holding onto more water these days."
B) "Every now and then, I have urine leak when I cough."
C) "Sometimes I get a sharp pain in my side while exercising."
D) "I noticed my urine is pinkish red, but I'm not having any pain when I pee."


Ans: D
Feedback:
The most common sign of bladder cancer is intermittent painless hematuria. Fluid retention, stress incontinence, and pain with exercise are not usual signs of cancer.

Health & Biomechanics

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