Which of the following is not a reason why ethics is central to leadership?
a. The process of influence.
b. The impact leaders have on establishing the organization's values.
c. The need to engage followers to accomplish mutual goals.
d. The existence of bottom-up communication.
D
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A licensed practical nurse is aware that the costs associated with health care have been rising steadily and are predicted to continue to rise for the foreseeable future. These increases in costs are the result of what factors?
A) The shortage of nurses and the need to educate more physicians and other care providers B) The aging of the American population and increasing costs for disease treatment C) The rise of antibiotic resistant organisms ("superbugs") and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections D) Population shifts from urban areas to rural areas and the increased costs of provided care in remote locations
The nurse determines the heart rate of 100 beats per minute for a 5-year-old patient as being:
A) Sinus bradycardia B) Evidence of a valve disorder C) Supraventricular tachycardia D) Within normal limits
A researcher administers a 40-item instrument that measures anxiety of 30 mothers of 9-month-old triplets, repeating it in two weeks. Over half of the scores are higher. Why? (Select all that apply.)
a. The mothers are more anxious. The babies are becoming more mobile, and the mothers' anxiety is well founded. b. There may have been random error of measurement. The researcher should compare the group means; if they are the same, it is only random error. c. This may represent systematic error of measurement. d. This may have poor validity for this population and concept. e. This test may have poor reliability for this population and concept.
Many parents-to-be will have questions about multiple births. Maternity nurses should be able to tell them that:
1. twinning and other multiple births are increasing because of fertility drugs and delayed childbearing. 2. dizygotic twins (two fertilized ova) are the ones with the potential to be "Sia-mese," or conjoined twins. 3. identical twins are more common in Caucasian families. 4. fraternal twins are same sex, usually male.