What were the origins and ideologies of Italian fascism?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Benito Mussolini, a self-promoting ideologue, was an expert at playing on the fears of the working class in Italy. He seized the unpopularity of strikes to shape public opinion against the communist and socialist elements in society; this argument particularly appealed to those who were formerly in the military. These recruits were organized in tight-knit paramilitary groups that operated in a strictly hierarchical fashion, all responsible to their leader. They became the fasci italiani di combattimento, or "Italian gangs of combat," the predecessors of the Fascist Party, and by 1921 had become a feared group in Italian politics. After Mussolini threatened to march on Rome with his troops and seize power from the parliament, King Victor Emmanuel III, succumbed. Mussolini disbanded all rival parties and established a one-party authoritarian state in which he personally controlled all branches of the government and a powerful military. He maintain a superficial parliamentary system, under which only Fascist Party members could be elected, following a party line set by Mussolini himself.
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How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?
a. By enforcing high taxes on Jews and Muslims b. By making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecting markets overseas c. By warring with countries with large treasuries d. By stealing the art treasures of the lands they conquered e. All of these
What did George Washington do in late 1776 and early 1777 that restored confidence in America's military?
a. He defeated the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton. b. He secured the support of France for the American war effort with his victory in the Battle of Long Island. c. He convinced Baron von Steuben to professionally train his army. d. He made Alexander Hamilton his top military aide. e. He uncovered General Benedict Arnold's treasonous conspiracy.
Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach ____ by sailing around Africa
a. Korea b. Vietnam c. Japan d. China e. India
Which one of the following was a pioneer in mass production through the use of assembly lines?
A) John D. Rockefeller B) Andrew Carnegie C) Gustavus Swift D) J. P. Morgan