Explain the differences in infant-directed speech in various cultures.
What will be an ideal response?
- Although words differ across languages, the way that words are spoken to infants shows a high degree of cross-cultural similarity.
- Six of the ten most frequent major characteristics of speech directed at infants used by native speakers of English and Spanish are common to both languages.
- These include exaggerated intonation, high pitch, lengthened vowels, repetition, lower volume, and heavy stress on certain words.
Deaf mothers use a form of infant-directed speech when communicating with their infants because they use sign language at a significantly slower tempo than when communicating with adults, and they frequently repeat the signs.
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Which of the following is not considered one of the three forms of social influence discussed in this chapter?
a. conformity b. compliance c. obedience d. independence
The gene for hemophilia, a serious blood-clotting disorder, is an example of a __________
gene. a. sex-limited b. sex-typical c. sex-related d. sex-influenced e. sex-linked
By the age of ________, babies can discriminate between fearful and happy faces.
A. 7 months B. 1 year C. 2 years D. 3 months
Steven is an abused 4-year-old child. Which of the following is NOT a likely contributor to his situation?
a) Steven is a child who is fussy, resistant to control, and is not readily adaptable to new situations. b) Steven's parents have a history of violence and marital conflict. c) Steven's biological father is his abuser. d) Steven resides with a single-parent family who lives in poverty.