Describe ambivalent sexism theory. Distinguish between hostile and benevolent sexism, provide examples of each, and detail how each uniquely perpetuates status differences between men and women.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

According to ambivalent sexism theory, a combination of hostile and benevolent attitudes characterize the relations between women and men. Hostile sexism is an ideology that justifies men’s dominance over women by portraying women as inferior to men. It consists of antagonistic and insulting beliefs about women and their roles, for instance, the beliefs that women are less competent than men, that women are moody and untrustworthy, and that women manipulate and control men sexually. Benevolent sexism consists of subjectively positive and well-intentioned beliefs about women and their importance, but it is also patronizing because it portrays women as weak and in need of protection. An example of benevolent sexism is the tendency to save “women and children first” in times of emergency. People most often direct hostile sexism at women who seek status and power, or who reject traditional gender role norms and attempt to move into male-dominated spheres. Hostilely sexist beliefs cast such women as manipulative, untrustworthy, and “seeking to control men.” Thus, hostile sexism exerts social pressure on women when they attempt to disrupt the gender hierarchy, suppressing their efforts to seek independence and power. In contrast, people most often direct benevolent sexism at women who embrace traditional gender roles as homemakers, caregivers, and low status workers. Such women are idealized, cherished, and protected. Thus, benevolent sexism “rewards” women who accept traditional female roles without fuss, whereas hostile sexism punishes women who reject these roles.