What are some common findings regarding intellectual changes in adults? How are these
findings influenced by our choice of developmental design, as well as individual differences in
adult health and activity?
What will be an ideal response?
Research outcomes of adult intellect widely vary depending on the choice of
developmental design. Research using cross-sectional methods has documented that
intellectual abilities decline more rapidly after midlife than research using short-term
longitudinal and sequential designs. Most studies indicate when decline occurs, it
occurs more rapidly for fluid than crystallized abilities. There are also individual
differences in the rate of decline, better educated people, adults that lead active and
healthy lifestyles, and adults married to intelligent spouses show slower rates of decline
than adults that do not possess these attributes.
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What is one of the results obtained by Milgram in his studies on obedience?
a. ?Obedience decreased when the authority figure was further away from the participant. b. ?Obedience decreased when there was greater psychological distance between the participant and the learner. c. ?Obedience was increased when the experimenter telephoned his orders. d. ?Obedience was virtually non-existent when the participant had to hold the learner’s hand down on a shock plate.
Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers
However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus? a. the person lighting the firecrackers b. the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers c. the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers d. the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode
Children exposed to moderate or low levels of alcohol prenatally, but do not meet the criterion for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, can exhibit retardation or learning difficulties along with other behavioral problems. The current name for this disorder is
a. fetal alcohol disability. c. fetal-alcohol spectrum disorders. b. fetal alcohol effects. d. fetal-alcohol sleeper effects.
Piaget theorized that as children interact with the environment,
A) schemes get modified. B) once formed, a scheme does not change. C) schemes become weaker with age. D) schemes disappear after the sensorimotor stage.