Sixteen-year-old Johnny is having difficulty getting to sleep at night. He tries to fall asleep but doesn't feel tired. This is most likely an example of
A) an early wake phase.
B) a decreased alertness phase.
C) a lack of sleep preference.
D) a delayed phase preference.
D) a delayed phase preference. As adolescents go through puberty, circadian rhythms that help regulate many of the body's systems (including the sleep/wake cycle) change to a delayed phase preference—so teens simply aren't sleepy until later at night.
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Adler's thinking and theory have been criticized as:
a. inconsistent and unsystematic with many gaps and unanswered questions. b. rigid and exclusive, requiring total allegiance or complete rejection. c. overly complicated and difficult to understand. d. so close to Freud's that no significant differences are apparent.
Knowledge about gender-role stereotypes is commonly held by nearly all children when they reach the early age of about
a. birth. b. one year. c. 18 months d. two years.
The story of Oskar Schindler provides an interesting personal example of moral development. In Schindler's case, his change in motivation from one of profit to one of saving lives represents a change that Kohlberg would say moves from ____ thinking to ____ thinking.
A. preconventional; conventional B. preconventional; postconventional C. postconventional; conventional D. postconventional; preconventional
The newborn infant has a number of __________ such as sucking, grasping, and rooting, which aid in his or her survival
a. cognitive skills b. traits c. motor reflexes d. inborn perceptual abilities