If you make an inference on the basis of the ease with which particular endings to a situation come to mind, you are using the ________ heuristic
a. simulation
b. anchoring
c. representativeness
d. availability
Answer: A
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What is the main criticism of longitudinal research designed to determine when cognitive decline begins to occur?
a. Longitudinal research does not retain enough participants in the sample to answer questions on cognitive decline. b. Longitudinal research does not take into account the different experiences of each generation c. Retesting makes it difficult for participants to continue getting high scores on measures of cognitive functioning. d. Repeated testing masks the true point at which cognitive decline begins because participants improve with each round of testing.
The term photographic memory is most often used to describe a memory ability called
a. explicit memory. b. implicit memory. c. flashbulb memories. d. eidetic imagery.
In desensitization, a person
a. constructs a hierarchy, is taught exercises that produce deep relaxation, and then tries to perform the least disturbing item on the list. b. is taught exercises that produce deep relaxation and then is exposed to the highest fear-producing stimulus. c. attempts to discover the reasons why she or he is fearful of a particular stimuli and then to face these fears one by one. d. is exposed to response-contingent shocks whenever they try to engage in a bad habit, such as smoking or drinking alcohol.
Kail (1991) reported increases in processing speed between the ages of 6 to 12 for both motor
and cognitive tasks. He demonstrated these increases in both the United States and Korea. Which one of the following statements concerning increases in information-processing skills is supported by Kail's findings? a. Most of cognitive development can be explained by increases in long-term memory. b. Processing efficiency increases are the basis for cognitive development. c. Experience is not necessary for age-related increases in memory. d. There is a limited relationship betweenmemory increases and cognitive development.