Which of the following represent the immediate signs and symptoms of a patient experiencing bronchospasm during the administration of a bland aerosol?
1. Percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) <75%
2. Adventitious breath sounds
3. Increased work of breathing
4. Change of breathing pattern
a. 1, 2, and 3 c. 2, 3, and 4
b. 1, 3, and 4 d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
Monitoring for reactive bronchospasm should consist of peak flow measurements or %FEV1 be-fore and after therapy; auscultation for adventitious breath sounds; observation of the patient's breathing pattern and overall appearance; and, most essentially, communication with the patient during therapy to determine the perceived work of breathing.
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