The structure of the Department of Homeland Security
a. reflected the President’s national security rationale for reducing transaction costs and trumped Congress’s normal reluctance to risk higher conformity costs and agency losses.
b. was a rational decision where the President and Congress were able to agree on a common set of objectives for the new department.
c. imposed strict limitations on presidential power to limit conformity costs and avoided expanding the President’s command authority.
d. resulted from a judicial settlement when the Supreme Court ruled that during wartime presidents could unilaterally reorganize agencies related to the President’s responsibility as commander in chief.
a. reflected the President’s national security rationale for reducing transaction costs and trumped Congress’s normal reluctance to risk higher conformity costs and agency losses.
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All of the following are reasons given in support of the corporate income tax EXCEPT________.
A) these taxes are popular with voters B) individuals indirectly pay corporate taxes C) high corporate taxes may cause industries to relocate to a less costly area D) these taxes are passed along to consumers in higher prices
The fact that 43 percent of people filing income tax returns in 2013 paid no income tax at all is partly explained by the fact that the income tax is __________.
a. regressive
b. progressive
c. proportional
d. flat
Institutional design ______.
A. balances the interests of all parties involved so each has an interest in maintaining arrangements B. is almost always imposed by political actors seeking to secure their advantages C. is a product of politics and some institutions may convey advantages for some interests over others D. generates uncertainty so it is almost impossible to design stable and effective institutions
Which of the following methods was used to hinder black participation in elections in the South?
a. Strict-scrutiny tests b. Substantiality tests c. Affirmative action d. De facto segregation e. Poll taxes