James, an inner-city, 15-year-old, African-American male, understands that successfully navigating on the streets of his neighborhood means he must be tough and smart. Living in a single-parent home headed by his mother, who works 50 to 60 hours a week keeping the family of four fed, she has done her best to instill family values in him. While he respects his mother's efforts, street values are more important for him. Being respected is ultimately important to him as well. James might be said to adhere to which of the following?
a. cultural deviance theory
b. focal concerns
c. theory of delinquent subculture
d. the code of the streets
Answer: d. the code of the streets
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