If we take all possible samples from a normally distributed population, which of the following sample sizes will yield the smallest variation in the means of the samples?
a. 1
b. 85
c. 120
d. 5
e. 15
C
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Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study are called
a. hypotheses. b. correlations. c. variables. d. confounds.
Define “randomized controlled trial (RCT).”
Consider this description of an RCT: Espada and colleagues (2016) conducted a test of the efficacy of a smoking cessation program for adolescents in Spain. Prospective participants were recruited using a convenience sample, then randomly assigned to either a program condition or a control condition. The control condition consisted of adolescents placed on a waiting list for the program. Six months after the program, 8% of the program group had quit smoking, whereas no one in the control group had. This difference was statistically significant. After 1 year, 43% of the participants were available for follow-up data collection; this proportion was similar across both program and control conditions. Making explicit reference to the concepts of internal and external validity, highlight several potential strengths and weakness of this study. What will be an ideal response?
One advantage to overt self-instruction is that the client
a. can apply the skill to any setting. b. may show a decrease of maladaptive thoughts. c. is less likely to be embarrassed socially. d. will better attend to the instructions.
__________ preference assesses infants' __________
A) Familiarity; recent memory B) Novelty; remote memory C) Novelty; recent memory D) Familiarity; reflexes