Action potentials differ from graded potentials in that __________.
A) action potentials, but not graded potentials, can be triggered by the opening of gated ion channels
B) action potentials propagate along an axon away from the cell body, whereas graded potentials propagate toward the cell body
C) action potentials are hyperpolarizations, whereas graded potentials are depolarizations
D) only action potentials occur at the axon hillock of a neuron
E) action potentials are all of the same magnitude
Answer: E) action potentials are all of the same magnitude
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a. active transport of ions into the body through the gills. b. excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea. c. active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells. d. excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads. e. maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids.
Impairments of the kidney that are considered short term and possibly can be overcome by medication or other treatments are called chronic renal failure.
a. true b. false
DNA carries the genetic material while ____________________ processes the genetic information to build proteins in
cells. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
In the end, the complement system destroys invading bacteria by
A) neutralization. B) forming a membrane attack complex, which causes the cell to fill with fluid and lyse. C) agglutination. D) release of lytic enzymes. E) phagocytosis.