Assessment of a patient with pericarditis may reveal which of the following signs and symptoms?
a. Ventricular gallop and substernal chest pain
b. Narrowed pulse pressure and shortness of breath
c. Pericardial friction rub and pain
d. Pericardial tamponade and widened pulse pressure
C
Pain is the most common symptom of pericarditis, and a pericardial friction rub is the most common initial sign. A friction rub is best auscultated with a stethoscope at the sternal border and is described as a grating, scraping, or leathery scratching. Pericarditis frequently produces a pericardial effusion.
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