Which theory of reinforcement is associated with primary reinforcers?
a. Premack principle
b. drive reduction theory
c. behavioral bliss point approach
d. response deprivation hypothesis
Answer: b. drive reduction theory.
This theory states that an event is reinforcing to the extent that it reduces a physiological drive. Many primary reinforcers, such as food and sex, reduce a physiological need.
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Jocelyn is participating in a preferential looking procedure in a lab. She sits in her mother's lap and hears a voice from a speaker say sentences like "The girl patted the dog." She shows a preference for looking at pictures that match the spoken sentence rather than at pictures that do not match (e.g., a girl walking a dog on a leash). Based on studies using the preferential looking procedure and also naturalistic observations, Jocelyn's spontaneous spoken language is likely to contain many sentences __________.
A. of the same length and syntactic complexity as the test sentences B. that are greater in length and syntactic complexity than the test sentences, such as "The girl patted the dog gently" C. that are shorter and less syntactically complex than the test sentences, such as "Girl pat dog." D. that contain the same words, but in random order, such as "The girl the dog patted."
The classification of psychology as a hub science MOST supports the idea that psychology:
A) is a basic laboratory science. B) is primarily a clinical field. C) has relevance to many related disciplines. D) has grown beyond an academic discipline.
An ethical system which bases ethics largely upon one's character and possession of certain valued qualities is:
A. ethics of care. B. ethics of virtue. C. ethical formalism. D. enlightened egoism.
Long-term estrogen deficiency has been linked to
A) depression. B) osteoporosis. C) hot flashes. D) lack of sexual desire.