Giving reinforcement every other time a behavior occurs is known as
a. a fixed variable schedule.
b. a variable ratio schedule.
c. a fixed ratio schedule.
d. inconsistent reinforcement.
C
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Which of the following is generally true for female alcoholics?
a. They are more likely than men to have late-onset alcoholism b. They are more likely than men to have a family history of alcoholism. c. They are more likely than men to develop severe alcoholism. d. They are more likely than men to have a criminal history.
Research on testosterone and aggression indicates that
a. it is surprising that women ever aggress given that they have no testosterone. b. their relationship in human males is weaker and less reliable than expected. c. very little regarding aggressive behavior is actually heritable. d. their relationship disappears when you examine samples of elderly adults.
A recent epidemiological study found European Americans to have a higher lifetime prevalence rates for than African Americans and Latinos
a. anxiety disorders b. mood disorders c. substance use disorders d. all of these are more prevalent in European Americans
Sometimes police just look for evidence that implicates a suspect that has been identified by an eyewitness and stop investigating any other leads. This situation is an illustration of
A. illusory correlation. B. confirmation bias. C. police attention outlook. D. none of the above