What is the largest source of excess hydrogen ions in a person who has had cardiac arrest for 4 minutes?
A. Excess renal retention of carbon dioxide
B. Release of intracellular acids as a result of widespread tissue destruction
C. Cellular metabolism under anaerobic conditions, leading to buildup of lactic acid
D. Use of fat as an alternate fuel source, resulting in an increase in fat degradation
C
Glucose metabolism continues under anaerobic conditions to supply the body with chemical energy (ATP); however, this metabolism is incomplete, stopping at lactic acid production instead of continuing into the Krebs cycle. This action results in a large buildup of lactic acid, which re-leases excessive amounts of hydrogen ions into the blood.
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Medicare was first established by the Social Security Act of 1965 . Medicare is best described as
A) an alternative to private health insurance for low-income Americans. B) a government program that sponsors health promotion and illness prevention initiatives. C) a government health insurance plan for Americans in the age 65 and older. D) a system of prospective payment that helps to control health care costs.
The nurse is caring for a patient at risk for atelectasis. The nurse implements a first-line measure to prevent atelectasis development in the patient. What is an example of a first-line measure to minimize atelectasis?
A) Incentive spirometry B) Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) C) Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) D) Bronchoscopy
A patient with lung cancer receives filgrastim [Neupogen] after chemotherapy to reduce neutropenia. The patient reports a moderate degree of bone pain. What will the nurse do?
a. Obtain an order to administer acetamino-phen. b. Request an order for a complete blood count (CBC). c. Request an order to reduce the dose of filgrastim. d. Suspect metastasis of the cancer to the bone.
When instructing a client on cleaning the ear, the nurse should instruct the client to clean:
1. only the outer ear. 2. all the way to the middle ear. 3. all parts of the ear outer, middle, and inner ear. 4. just the tympanic membrane.