The nursing is performing an otoscopic examination on an adult client and is unable to visualize the tympanic membrane. The nurse should perform which of the following steps to better visualize this structure?
1. Pull the pinna up and back, then reinsert the otoscope
2. Tell the client to move away from the speculum if they experience any pain as the otoscope is advanced.
3. Reinsert the otoscope quickly and press against both sides of the inner auditory canal.
4. Pull the pinna down and back, then reinsert the otoscope.
1
Rationale 1: To avoid trauma to the ear, the otoscope is to be removed and the pinna should be pulled up and back for better visualization.
Rationale 2: The client should be instructed to state any feelings of discomfort or pain but not to pull away because this may result in injury during this examination.
Rationale 3: The otoscope should not be inserted quickly and should not be pressed against either side of the inner auditory canal because it would be painful for the client.
Rationale 4: Pulling down and back is recommended in children because of the shape of their auditory canal.
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