Explain the concepts of unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.
What will be an ideal response?
An unconditioned stimulus is something that causes an instinctive response in an
organism; for example, putting food in a hungry dog’s mouth will cause it to salivate.
The salivation in the presence of food is called the unconditioned response. If a dog
begins to associate food with some other stimulus, such as the sound of a bell that is
rung right before the dog is fed, then the dog may begin to salivate when it hears a
bell, even though a bell ringing is a biologically neutral stimulus for a dog. Through
contiguity and frequency, the bell ringing has become the conditioned stimulus, and the
subsequent salivation is the conditioned response.
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It has been estimated that many people could lengthen their lives by an average of 14 years if they?
A) they stay tobacco free B) eat more fruits and vegetables C) exercise regularly D) drink alcohol in moderation (if at all) E) all of these
In order for two blindfolded chess players to play a game, they must rely on all of the following EXCEPT
a. respondent conditioning. b. images. c. concepts. d. the notational system of chess.
Mental disorders affect _________ percent of the U.S. population.
A. fewer than 1 B. about 26 C. about 52 D. about 77
According to Skinner, biology is important because
A) it determines an organism's appearance. B) it determines an organism's range of potential responses. C) most important behaviors of an organism are innate. D) every type of organism is subject to a unique learning process. E) the genetic contributions of the parents vary between organisms within a species