Describe the challenges that plants faced when they entered the land, and how they overcame them.
What will be an ideal response?
Plants faced a number of challenges. First, drying out was the immediate risk. Plants overcame this by developing a cuticle to keep water in and specialized structures to ensure reproductive success, such as waterproof coats in bryophyte spores. Additionally, the development of cuticle, a waxy covering, allowed plants to reduce water loss. However, the cuticle created an issue in itself—how to allow for gas exchange through wax. Stomata evolved that were able to meet this challenge. Lastly, adapting to the land environment meant being able to withstand harsher elements and upward growth to gain photosynthetic advantage, which presented the problem of nutrient transport. Vascular tissues evolved to solve the transport problem, and lignin to strengthen the tissues of vascular plants.
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Which one of the following is absolutely necessary for diffusion to occur?
a. a living cell b. a phospholipid bilayer c. a selectively permeable membrane d. a concentration gradient e. a solution
The production of yellow in the coat color of Labrador retrievers is an example of ________
a. pleiotropic expression b. a recessive gene being expressed c. a dominant gene being expressed d. incomplete dominance e. epistasis
The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because
A) lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. B) stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. C) the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. D) stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism.
Short, hair-like structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are calledÂ
A. pili. B. flagella. C. fimbriae. D. pseudopodia. E. cilia.