Cancer is more common in the elderly because: (Select all that apply)
a. The immune system grows stronger with more tendency to destroy malignant cells.
b. Mutations accumulate over time.
c. The DNA and tissue repair mechanisms are less efficient as we age.
b. Mutations accumulate over time.
c. The DNA and tissue repair mechanisms are less efficient as we age.
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Recent studies of gene function as it relates to reproductive development suggest that angiosperms
evolved most directly from:a. cycads. b. lycopods. c. gnetophytes. d. ginkgos. e. conifers
The oncogene that causes Burkitt's lymphoma results from:
A. A translocation that moves a proto-oncogene next to an antibody gene B. An inversion that places a proto-oncogene next to a transcription factor gene C. A point mutation in a proto-oncogene D. A virus that inserts next to a proto-oncogene E. A deletion of an anti-oncogene
Which components are required in plasmids? (check all that apply)
A. A selectable marker, usually antibiotic resistance B. An origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E. coli independently of the host chromosome C. One or more unique restriction sites where foreign DNA can be added D. A bacterial artificial chromosome
Growth factors stimulate
A) the cell to skip the S and G1 phases of interphase and undergo mitosis directly. B) cells to divide. C) the cell to ignore the checkpoints of the cell cycle. D) Cdks to synthesize enzymes that digest cyclins.