During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?
a. Midinspiration
b. End-expiration
c. End-inspiration
d. Mid-expiration
ANS: C
At this point, called end-inspiration, alveolar pressure has returned to 0 and the transpulmonary pressure gradient reaches its maximal value (for a normal breath) of approximately –10 cm H2O.
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