According to Erikson, the final stage of the life cycle is centered on achieving integrity versus despair
Which of the following situations would signal to the nurse that the client in question is at risk for disappointment and despair as characterized by Erikson? A) An 81-year-old woman has needed to adopt a minced diet following a recent stroke.
B) A 78-year-old man has had a pacemaker implanted to address his atrial fibrillation.
C) A 90-year-old woman is grieving the recent death of her husband to whom she was married for 66 years.
D) An 80-year-old man describes himself as "useless" since he can no longer help his adult children with their yard and garden work.
D
Feedback:
A perceived loss of useful function often constitutes a crisis for older men and can be associated with despair rather than integrity in Erikson's typology of the life cycle. A change in diet, a medical intervention, and grief at the loss of a spouse are less closely associated with this conflict.
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