Ms. Salmendos came to the clinic with her 12-year-old daughter, Melissa, for a school checkup. She tells the nurse that she is on a vitamin regime that she began about 8 months ago. She says that she feels great, except for the occasional stomach upset and that she plans to start her daughter on a teen plan when she turns 13. She takes these vitamins: vitamins A, D, E, K, B complex that includes

B6, thiamine, folate, and niacin, and C.

What can you tell Ms. Salmendos about the toxic effects of these vitamins?


Vitamin A-birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, headaches, nausea, dry mucous membranes, bone and joint pain

Vitamin D-deposits of calcium and phosphorus in soft tissues, kidney and heart disease, and bone fragility

Vitamin E-relatively nontoxic and the excess is stored in adipose tissue

Vitamin K-a form of anemia

B complex that includes B6, thiamine, folate, and niacin:

B6-depression, nerve damage

Thiamine-no known ill effects from excess oral route

Niacin-vasodilation of blood vessels

Folate-could mask a B12 deficiency

Vitamin C-elevated uric acid level, kidney stones, hemolytic anemia, and rebound scurvy

Nutritional Science

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