It is likely that vestigial traits remain in place for some organisms when they serve no current functions be-cause:
a. the trait is not costly to the organism.
b. natural selection does not act against the trait.
c. there is some natural selection against the trait—it is on its way out and will eventually be lost.
d. All of the above.
D
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Although Deinococcus-Thermus phyla stain Gram-positive, which reason(s) exclude them from this Gram type?
A. They lack teichoic acids. B. Their cell envelope includes an S-layer. C. They have L-ornithine in their peptidoglycan. D. Their plasma membrane has phosphatidylglycerol phospholipids instead of palmitoleic acids.
What is the primary disadvantage of being an osmoregulator?
A. Extra energy has to be used to pump ions into or out of the body. B. Extra energy has to be used to pump water into or out of the body. C. The central nervous system is deprived of critical information about the environment by keeping relatively constant internal conditions. D. Physiological systems do not typically perform well under relatively constant conditions.
Which infectious agent produces explosive diarrhea and foul-smelling belches?
a. rotavirus b. Giardia intestinalis c. H. pylori d. intestinal candida e. influenza
The plasma membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to:
A) regulate movement of molecules into and out of the cell B) secrete proteins from membrane-bound vesicles C) generate energy D) support the cell wall E) form biofilms