All but which of the following is true about “abstinence violation effect” (AVE)?
a. The drinker who yields to temptation and resumes the use of alcohol experiences cognitive dissonance with his or her goals of abstinence.
b. AVEs may increase guilt
c. AVEs may increase self-efficacy
d. AVEs may lower attributions of internal control
Ans: C
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Ethan, who is in the third grade, has not been doing his homework. The counselor at school suggests that his parents institute a token economy where Ethan receives a poker chip each time he completes his homework, and every time he accumulates 5 chips and turns them in to his parents, they buy him a comic book. In this case, what is considered the "backup reinforcer"?
a. the comic book b. the poker chip c. the parents' praise d. the homework
A child is rewarded for aggressive behavior and is then frustrated. The child is likely to show ________
a. more aggression than one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior b. as much aggression as one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior c. no aggressive behavior at all d. less aggression than one who has been rewarded for constructive behavior
A newspaper reporter looks for interesting stories related to weight, weight control, and obesity. In recent years, which of these titles might have been used for a story?
A. "Leptin: A Hormone Regulating Appetite" B. "Stomach Size: An Overlooked Factor in Hunger" C. "When It Comes to Weight, Focus on the Right Hemisphere" D. "Obesity: Not Really a Problem Anymore"
Algebra is generally taught to children ages 12 years and older. This is probably related to their newfound ability to engage in
a. reflective abstraction b. abstract thought c. concrete thought d. egocentrism