In its 2013 United States v. Windsor ruling, the Supreme Court held that
A. the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act was invalid.
B. the federal government was prohibited from providing benefits to same-sex spouses of federal employees.
C. all state and local laws prohibiting or inhibiting same-sex laws are unconstitutional.
D. states could not pass any laws regulating marriage, whether with same-sex or opposite-sex couples.
E. marriage could only be a union between a man and a woman.
Answer: A
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Until the 1980s, Germany had a "two-and-a-half" party system meaning that a. it was dominated by two large parties and one small one
b. although two parties dominated national politics, a variety of smaller ones dominated Länder politics. c. two parties dominated national politics while a small third party dominated Länder politics. d. governing coalitions were always comprised of two major parties with a third junior partner. e. governing coalitions were necessary.
Prior to about 1900, political parties would recruit campaign workers based on the promise of a good federal job with an electoral victory. Such a system of employee management is referred to as
a. civil service. b. patronage. c. employment security. d. employee deregulation. e. managed labor.
Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called ______.
a. block grants b. unfunded mandates c. categorical grants d. delegated orders e. hortatory appeals
Prior to the Civil War,
A) most states required voters to be property holders. B) some states required voters to be Christians. C) most states required voters to be taxpayers. D) voters were almost exclusively white males. E) All of the above