Which of the following is considered an accessory muscle of inspiration?
a. Pectoralis minor
b. Quadratus lumborum
c. Diaphragm
d. Scalenes
ANS: A
The diaphragm, intercostals, and scalenes are considered the primary muscles of ventilation.
Because expiration is primarily a passive activity, these muscles are involved in the activity of
inspiration. Some muscles may assist in inspiration in situations of stress, such as exercise or
disease. The pectoralis minor is a good example of one of these muscles, as it can help raise the
third, fourth, and fifth rib during forced inspiration. As stated above, the action of expiration is
primarily passive, but if necessary, several muscles can assist with this activity, including the
quadratus lumborum.
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