In most instances, a police officer seeking an arrest warrant from a magistrate must meet the requirements of probable cause, which are
A) evidence beyond a reasonable doubt a crime was committed, and that the person named in the criminal complaint committed the offense.
B) a preponderance of evidence that a crime was committed, and that the person named in the criminal complaint committed the offense. C) a scintilla of evidence that a crime was committed, and that the person named in the criminal complaint committed the offense.
D) any level of suspicion on the part of the officer that a crime may have been committed, and that the person named in the criminal complaint might have committed the offense. E) tangible evidence that a crime was committed, and that the person named in the criminal complaint committed the offense.
Answer: E
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Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
What does the example of the Pentagon Papers illustrates about the doctrine of prior restraint?
A. The government can easily make a case that the press should not be allowed to publish national security documents while the nation is at war. B. The courts have been skeptical of the claims of the press, and the government can operate under a presumption of secrecy. C. Exercising prior restraint requires the government to demonstrate that the publication of documents would damage national security. D. The Supreme Court prefers to avoid these issues so the legislative and executive branches can resolve the problems.
What is suspect classification?
A) The categorization of a particular group that will be closely scrutinized by the courts to see whether its use is unconstitutional B) The method by which prisoners were sent off to prison C) The rule stating that only the actions of state and local governments (not those of private individuals) must conform to the equal protection clause D) Primary elections, held by the Democratic Party, that divided the races into different classifications E) Whenever gender is used in classification
Most proposed ballot measures fail because ______.
A. not enough money is raised by the proponents to raise awareness about it B. the majority of initiatives deal with raising taxes, and people never vote to raise their taxes C. the legislature adopts them before the election is held, therefore eliminating the need for people to vote on them D. the measure's proponents don't gather enough valid signatures to qualify it for the ballot