What is purposeful distortion? How can a researcher minimize purposeful distortion?
What will be an ideal response?
Purposeful distortion occurs when respondents in sex research intentionally give self-reports that are distortions of reality, i.e., they knowingly provide inaccurate information about their sexual behavior. Typically, people either exaggerate their sexual activity (enlargement) or minimize it or hide the fact that they have done certain things (concealment). Distortion is a basic problem when using self-reports. To minimize distortion, participants must be impressed with the fact that because the study will be used for scientific purposes, their reports must be as accurate as possible. They must also be assured that their responses will be completely anonymous.
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Although testosterone is necessary for normal sexual functioning in males, the use of anabolic/androgenic steroids, which increases testosterone levels in males, actually decreases sex drive and leads to shrinkage of the testicles. Why does this occur?
a. An overdrive of testosterone in the body hyper-stimulates testosterone receptors, thus "short circuiting" the system. b. The testosterone produced from anabolic/androgenic steroid use, is not as effective as the testosterone produced from normal physiological responses. c. Positive feedback to the anterior pituitary will inhibit hormone release. d. Negative feedback to the anterior pituitary will inhibit hormone release.
One key difference between the work of Goddard and Hollingsworth in intelligence testing is that
a) Goddard was primarily concerned with identifying individuals of lower intelligence, while Hollingsworth was concerned with identifying individuals with high intelligence. b) Goddard assumed that intelligence was a product of both heredity and environment, while Hollingsworth assumed that intelligence was primarily inherited. c) Goddard concentrated on identifying levels of intelligence in children, while Hollingsworth was primarily concerned with identifying levels of intelligence in adults. d) Goddard was interested in identifying the best environments for people at different levels of intelligence, while Hollingsworth primarily concerned with developed new and better measures of intelligence.
In the context of predicting performance on some criterion from test results, a key difference between a false positive and a false negative is a false positive is someone predicted to
a) succeed but who failed, while a false negative is someone predicted to fail but who succeeded. b) fail but who succeeded, while a false negative is someone predicted to succeed but who failed. c) fail who did in fact fail, while a false negative is someone predicted to succeed who did in fact succeed d) succeed who did in fact succeed, while a false negative is someone predicted to fail who did in fact fail.
Shane works in a hospital. What type of intimate partner violence is he most likely to encounter?
a) Simple assault b) Coercive controlling violence c) Violent resistance d) Situational couple violence