Why does pulmonary edema form in a client who has left-sided heart failure?
A. Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood osmotic pressure
B. Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood osmotic pressure
C. Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood hydrostatic pres-sure
D. Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood hydrostatic pres-sure
C
Left-sided heart failure reduces the movement of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta. As a result, there is damming of blood in the left ventricle, which eventually backs up into the left atrium and then into the pulmonary vessels. This increased volume in the pulmonary vessels in-creases the hydrostatic pressure, forcing fluid to leave the pulmonary vessels by filtration and moving into the pulmonary interstitial tissues.
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