Which one of the following activities will NOT reduce cognitive dissonance?
A) changing the behavior to match the attitude
B) changing the thought to justify the behavior
C) developing new thoughts to justify the behavior
D) continuing the behavior in spite of the conflicting thoughts
Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual has two thoughts (cognitions) that are inconsistent with each other (dissonance) and, as a result, experiences motivation to reduce the discrepancy. This can occur when an action or behavior is in conflict with an attitude, such as a smoker believing that smoking is unhealthy. Individuals can reduce cognitive dissonance in a number of ways, including changing the behavior or the attitude. However, continuing to hold conflicting beliefs, or to act in a way that conflicts with a belief, will not reduce the cognitive dissonance.
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