What is souring of crude oil and how does the petroleum industry control it?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The souring of crude oil occurs when oil containing sulfur or sulfate from marine injection water becomes contaminated with sulfide through the microbial process of sulfate reduction. The presence of sulfide in the oil causes the degradation of oil pipelines and holding tanks. The petroleum industry controls sulfate reduction by adding nitrate to oil well injection water. Since nitrate respiration is energetically more favorable than sulfate respiration, the nitrate reducers outcompete sulfate reducers in the oil and sulfides are not produced. In fact, nitrate also
stimulates the growth of sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing microorganisms removing sulfides in the crude oil.
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What are the two functions of increasing blood flow to the skin during exercise?
A) energy reserve for underlying musculature; provide energy for sweat production B) facilitate dissipation of heat; provide energy for sweat production C) facilitate dissipation of heat; remove water for sweat production D) fat utilization for energy production; remove water for sweat production E) facilitate dissipation of heat; energy reserve for underlying musculature
An organism's role within the structure and function of a particular community is its:a
habitat. b. trophic level. c. population. d. ecological niche. e. competition.
Which of these is associated with pre-embryonic development?
A. embryonic disk B. formation of the umbilical cord C. primary germ layers D. gastrulation E. morula
Secondary treatment may be aerobic or anoxic
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.