The adult kidney develops from the
A. pronephros.
B. metanephros.
C. mesonephros.
D. allantois.
E. neonephros.
B
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The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and
A) potassium. B) magnesium. C) phosphate. D) bicarbonate. E) iodine.
The ____ and ____ enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs
a. Na+-K+ ATPase pump; co-transport carriers b. juxtaglomerular apparatus; vasa recta c. podocytes; peritubular capillaries d. medullary vertical osmotic gradient; vasopressin e. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; renal pyramids
How do the absorptive and postabsorptive states maintain normal blood glucose levels?
A) During the absorptive state, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells and during the postabsorptive state, glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose. B) During the absorptive state, glucagon stimulates glucose uptake by cells and during the postabsorptive state, insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose. C) During the absorptive state, insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose and during the postabsorptive state, glucagon stimulates glucose uptake by cells. D) During the absorptive state, glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose and during the postabsorptive state, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells.
Which of the following is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels?
A. thyroglobulin in thyroid follicles B. thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary C. positive feedback mechanisms D. parathyroid hormone levels E. blood calcium levels