After failing a test for the first time, Marla compares herself to her little brother, who failed four tests in one semester. Marla feels better about herself after making this comparison. This is an example of
A) downward social comparison.
B) upward social comparison.
C) lateral social comparison.
D) self-serving bias.
Answer: A
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Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions, he has been distracted and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of
a. defensive neurosis. b. resistance. c. transference. d. insight.
Getting lots of independent opinions from average people _____
a. usually leads to very poor choices b. produces mediocre ideas and weak decisions c. makes for collective wisdom d. creates more problems than it solves
In scientific research effectiveness differs from efficacy in that it refers to
a. adherence to validated theory. b. success in randomized studies. c. success in genuine, clinical settings. d. the effect after eliminating dropouts.
Which of the following is a correct statement with regard to the medical model?
a. most mental disorders can be classified according to symptoms b. most mental disorders have well-defined or consistent physical causes c. the medical model sees many disorders as incurable d. the medical model puts too much emphasis on cultural context