With regard to the newborn's developing cardiovascular system, nurses should be aware that
a. The heart rate of a crying infant may rise to 120 beats/min.
b. Heart murmurs heard after the first few hours are cause for concern.
c. The point of maximal impulse (PMI) often is visible on the chest wall.
d. Persistent bradycardia may indicate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
C
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A The normal heart rate for infants who are not sleeping is 120 to 160 beats/min.
However, a crying infant temporarily could have a heart rate of 180 beats/min.
B Heart murmurs during the first few days of life have no pathologic significance;
an irregular heart rate past the first few hours should be evaluated further.
C The newborn's thin chest wall often allows the PMI to be seen.
D Persistent tachycardia may indicate RDS; bradycardia may be a sign of
congenital heart blockage.
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