In a study by DeLoache (1987), toddlers were unable to use a miniature replica of a room to find a snoopy doll that was hidden in a big version of the room
DeLoache hypothesized that young children are unable to view the miniature replica both as an object itself, and as a representation of the big room. Describe one finding that supports this hypothesis.
What will be an ideal response?
In one study, DeLoache let three-year-old children, who generally succeed on the original version of the task, play with the miniature replica before being asked to use it as a representation of the big room. DeLoache hypothesized that this would lead the children to be interested in the replica in its own right, and thus, decrease their ability to use it as a representation of the big room. Results supported this hypothesis. In another study, DeLoache and colleagues led children to believe that a machine "shrunk" the big room. In this case, children do not have to view the replica as a representation of the big room because they are both the same room. She found that toddlers who failed on the original version of the task were able to find the snoopy doll in this version of the task.
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If a finding from one culture fails to generalize to a second culture, this should be viewed as a(n)
a. failure to replicate. b. opportunity to study a potentially interesting cultural difference. c. indication of the second researcher to not adequately train confederates. d. wasted effort, and shuts down future efforts to examine culture as a subject variable.
What was the key finding of the Bobo doll experiment by Bandura and colleagues?
A. There is a genetic link to aggression. B. Televised models have a powerful influence on aggressive behavior. C. The critical age for addressing aggressive behavior is three years. D. Some forms of aggressive behavior are healthy for children.
Barbara was asked whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign-made cars. To come up with an answer, Barbara based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. What is this decision process indicative of?
a. representative heuristics c. basic heuristics b. availability heuristics d. anchoring and adjustment heuristics
The York Retreat in England was an early mental hospital. A recent evaluation of records from 1880 to 1884 showed that
a) treatment was highly effective. b) torturous methods of treatment were routinely used. c) some innovative somatic therapies were developed. d) fewer than one-third of patients improved.