To study how proteins fold, scientists must be able to purify the protein of interest, use solvents to denature the folded protein, and observe the process of refolding at successive time points
What is the effect of the solvents used in the denaturation process?
(a) The solvents break all covalent interactions.
(b) The solvents break all noncovalent interactions.
(c) The solvents break some of the noncovalent interactions, resulting in a misfolded protein.
(d) The solvents create a new protein conformation.
(b) In the case of choice (b), the polypeptide is completely unfolded, allowing the complete refolding to be observed. Detergents do not break the covalent bonds of the polypeptide backbone [choice (a)]. Mild detergents that do not break all noncovalent interactions within a protein would not lead to misfolding but instead to partial unfolding [choice (c)]. Proteins fold into only one single, correct conformation. Denaturation followed by renaturation of a protein does not generate a new protein fold [choice (d)].
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Which of the following statements about homeotic genes is true? a. All homeotic genes encode enzymes for metabolic pathways that produce pigments affecting eye and body color
b. All homeotic genes encode transcription factors with a homeodomain that can bind to a promoter. c. Homeotic genes encode enzymes that allow Drosophila to break down and digest fructose. d. Homeotic genes are believed to have evolved recently as they are not interchangeable between most species.
Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative variation
What will be an ideal response?
What is the correct sequence of events during the life cycle of a moss?a. Gametes are produced in the archegonia and antheridia.b. Spores are released.c. The zygote develops within the archegonium.d. The mature sporophyte develops from the gametophyte and produces spores.e. Flagellated sperm swim towards the egg for fertilization.f. Spore germinates into the protonema.
A. f - e - b - d - a - c B. a - b - d - c - b - f C. a - e - c - d - b - f D. a - e - f - d - b - c
Which of the following protein types would you predict is defective in kidney water balance disorders?
A) aquaporin B) porin C) class ATPase D) anion exchange protein E) GLUT