A likely explanation for the illusory-correlation effect is that
a. people choose a stereotype as an anchor, and they make only small adjustments based on that anchor.
b. people believe that correlations are illusions, somewhat similar to optical illusions.
c. we pay too much attention to just one cell in the matrix, rather than the three other possible combinations of variables.
d. we select the least available cell as an anchor, and then we make adjustments away from that anchor.
Ans: c
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Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called __________.
A. external frustration B. internal conflict C. a hassle D. personal frustration
Hispanic Americans have high rates of smoking, obesity, and hypertension, yet lower mortality rates than European Americans and many other Americans. What is the most plausible explanation for this apparent contradiction?
A) ?Hispanic Americans must have superior genetic protections against related chronic diseases. B) ?The statistics on Hispanic Americans' rates of these poor health behaviors must be incorrect. C) ?Hispanic immigrants must not have had time to develop chronic diseases from American lifestyles. D) ?Hispanic Americans' better social support systems must override their unhealthy behaviors.
Which of these strategies is the most effective method of helping children appreciate dual representation?
A. allowing children to explore and draw conclusions themselves B. exposing children to diverse symbols, such as picture books and maps C. encouraging children to engage in make-believe play with realistic props D. arranging for children to spend extended time with more expert peers
A researcher examining academic performance among high school students demonstrates that there is a strong positive correlation between students' community involvement and their grade point averages. Does this correlation demonstrate that increasing community involvement will increase grade point averages?
A. Yes, because strong positive correlations demonstrate causal relationships. B. Yes, because grade point averages are strongly correlated with academic performance. C. No, because a negative correlation would have demonstrated that increasing community involvement will increase grade point averages. D. No, because the findings do not rule out the possibility that a third factor could affect community involvement and grade point averages.