Describe the method devised by Arthur Kornberg which first successfully achieved DNA synthesis in vitro, including its components and their uses
What will be an ideal response?
Kornberg mixed together DNA fragments, all four dNTPs (DNA precursors), and an E. coli lysate to achieve DNA synthesis in vitro. The DNA fragments acted as a template for the synthesis of new DNA. The dNTPs were precursors of the new DNA strand, and the cell lysate contained the enzyme necessary to catalyze DNA synthesis (DNA Pol I).
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How many amino acids are considered to be
essential because the human body cannot synthesize them? a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 10 e. 12
What is a paralog?
a. a homeobox gene c. a homologous gene b. an enhancer gene d. a duplicate of an existing gene
Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is FALSE?
A) Glycolysis is inhibited when cellular energy levels are abundant. B) Citric acid cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate; otherwise it is unregulated. C) In the electron transport chain, electrons decrease in energy level as they are transferred from one electron carrier to the next. D) Reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix.
Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?
A) post-transcriptional splicing B) concurrent transcription and translation C) translation in the absence of a ribosome D) gene regulation